LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Mizote'n thu leh hla a pûr kan châwkna ber chu English Literature a ni a; English hovin Grik leh Latin literature aṭangin pûr an chaw ber thung a.
Chu'ngho literature huangah chuan Poetry hi an dah sângin an dah pawimawh ber deuh zêl a; poetry huang(genre) ah rau rau pawh Mizo ten a ' Thawnthuhlasei ' an tih, Epic hi an dah chungnung ber niin alang. Chuti ang anih avâng chuan heti lama sûl lo sutu, Grik mifing leh hla phuahtu hmatâwng, Homer-a phei chu an dah sâng lawr lak a ni.
Dik tak chuan Homer-a kutchhuak Illiad leh Odyssey- aṭangte hian ania Poetry chu arawn vul chhuah tak tak a, literary criticism tân kawng pawh arawn inhawn chhoh tâk ni. 'Homer-a hian criticism aṭan e' kan tihna erawh chu a ni lo. Homer-a kutchhuak aṭanga thlîrna thar an neih avângin critic hmatâwng pahnih Aristotle leh Pluto-ate'n criticism an rawn vawrh lâr ta chauh a ni, ti ila kan uar lutuk in ka ring lo.
Khawvela 'literature'-a hausa hmasa leh hmahruaitu te'n Epic- an ngaihsan êm êm lai hian kan Mizo thu leh hla huangah erawh hmun ala chang chau hle mai a. A khawhawi tizau tûr tâwk emaw lek hi chuan a hla(epic) hming hi chu kan hre ve ṭhûm ringawt ang lawi a.
Keimahni Mizo te pawh hian Epic- kan nei tih pawh kan hre kher âwm love. Kan Thurochun (Folklore) ah hian tam tak a awm a, Chhûrbûra leh Dawithiam Lalruanga- te hi Epic kan neih ah chuan a lâr leh ngaihnawm deuh ni ber in a hriat.
Tin, hnamdang leh keini ah pawh Epic hi chu a ngaihnawmna piahlamah hian thu leh hla ziarâng hlu tak(literary piece) pawimawh tak mai, zirna sâng taka an zir luih luih, tun thlenga mithiamte'n a a chanchin an chhui ṭhin thawnthu a ni.
Tin, Epic bîkah a phuahtu te'n a metonymy (thil hming eng emaw aiawha hming dang hman)-an chelek dân leh tehkhinna zirtir nei (apologue) an hmanna leh an hman te hi Epic literary value tisângtu leh a ropui zia puanchhuahna a ni pakhat bawkin ahriat.
Chu lo lehah, 'kenning'- an tih, thumal pakhat emaw hming pakhat emaw aia thu hlâwm hman ang chi te pawh hi :-
Hei hian Alliteration siamna kawngah pawh ṭangkaina a nei lian hle a, English ho Epic, Pasalṭha Beowulf- ah te pawh a tam khawp mai.
Classical rau rau ah pawh, Vikings kan tih Norse ho leh Anglo-Saxon hla phuahtu ho chuan alliteration hmanga phuah hi an chîng deuhin a hriat; chutih laiin Rhyme lam erawh an chelek lutuk lêm lo. Chûng alliteration dan hmangah chuan a hla tlar khat chhunga a chanve hmalam (a- verse) -a an thu chheh leh a chanve hnulam(b- verse) a an thu chhehah ah chuan ri inzûl a awm ṭhin a: chu chu hawrawp bul inṭanna inang emaw a thumal lamrîk bul inṭanna inangin emaw a siam ber ṭhin. Tin, chu'ng hla tlar chhumbung(chanve) pahnih te chu Caesura-in a daidang bawk.
Kan hrethiam ange maw, heti hian sawifiah leh deuh ila:-
Thawnthuhlasei(epic) hi Alliterative meter-a phuah an ni tlangpui kan tih tawh kha.
Chu chu(alliterative meter) Rhyme aiawha alliteration an hmanna a ni. Hetiang hi kum zabi 14-na hmalamah khân an lo hmang ṭan daih tawh a, Alliterative meter-ah chuan hla tlar khat chu Ceasura hmanga hmun hnih a ṭhen a ni a. Caesura hmalam, tlar chanve hmasa zâwk (hemistich) chu stress nei alliteration hmangin a tlar chanve hnuhnung zâwk nen pumkhatah an siam ṭhin.
A tlar phel hmasa zâwk hian alliteration nei Syllable hnih (a châng chuan pathum) a nei a, a tlar phel hnuhnungah chuan alliteration nei Syllable pakhat chiah a awm thung. A châng chuan alliteration ngai tho kha tlar dangah pawh an hmang zui bawk ṭhin.
Greek hlaphuah thiam Homer leh, Latin mi Aeneid phuahtu Virgil-te erawh chuan Rhyme hi an ngaihpawimawh zâwk avângin Alliterative Meter- hi an chelek hran lo a, poetic meter chikhat, ' dactylic hexameter ' an hmang zâwk thung.
Mahsela a nawlpui a bih chuan Classical rau rau ah Rhyme ngaih pawimawhna hi chhiar chu anuam zâwk deuhin alang.
Sawi tawh angin Literature khawvelah Epic- hian hmun sâng ber a chan mai bâkah literature value ah pawh a sûl sutu leh khawvel ina pûr a châwkna ber anih avângin kan han sawi hmasa deuh luai a.
Khawvel aṭhang zêl a, ṭhalai thu leh hla a tui leh thiam tak tak te an lo chhuak ruih ruih a, thawnthu pawh chi hrang tam tak, genre hrang hrang, changkâng tak tak te alo chhuak zêl a, mahsela a lawmawm rualin literary value erawh a ṭha vek hran lêm lo.
Chu chuan hmasawnna aiin hnungtawlhna a nei nasa zâwk ti ila kan sawi uar vakin ka ring lo. Hei hi a chhan ni a lang chu, kan thuziaktu naupang zâwk te hian Literature awmzia an hre miah lo tih na a ni.
Chuvangin Literature khawvela kan zuang lut anih chuan kan 'kan talent' awmzia hi hriatthiam tum hram hram angai, chumi awmzia chu, thawnthu kan ziah hian a Plot, Character, Diction, Melody, Spectacles, Climax leh Casteophe- te hi kan ziah dâwnin kan remfel ngai lo a, chu chuan a ending- ah buaina min siam a, a tâwpna tûr siam kan harsat phah ṭhin.
Kan hriatthiam dán tur ber chuan, Hamlet Drama-a a lan hmasa ber hi a thawnthu pumpui kalhmang tûr tâlanna (expository)- a ni.
Tin, Hamlet bîkah hian, Tragedy anih ang rêngin, A pa thlarau a hmuh hian, A raldona thuam famkima thlarau a lo lang te, ralvengho pawh hna an thawh ṭhat theih loh phah dân te, boruak reh duk mai te, khawvawt vur mai te leh ralveng hovin chhâwk zângkhaina an mamawh êm êm mai te hi Tragedy kalphung nen a in hmehin a in mil êm êm a, hei hian a mood a chénna, 'Thought'- a thiam zia a tilang a ni.
Eng thawnthu pawh ziakin, eng genre pawh ziak la, a zia (Characteristics)- engkim ziah dan tur hrang hrangte i remfel hmasa tûr a ni.
Tin, i thuziah chu Tragedy lam anih chuan, Tragedy chuan mihring nuna lungchhiat thlâk lai leh mangan buaina lai a entîr a : thil ṭha zirtirna (moral lesson) a nei ngei ngei tûr a ni.
Comedy ah chuan boruak zâng hek hawk siam anih theih nan leh a chhiartu te'n hlim leh phûr tak a an chhiar theihna tûrin ṭawngkam pawh in angrengah, a zângkhai chi leh chhiar nuam veh vawh an nih angai ṭhin.
Thawnthu ruhrel leh ruangam (Plot):
Thawnthu a a pawimawh ber chu a plot hi a ni, chuvangin kan thawnthu ziah chuan plot fel tak a nei ngei ngei tur a ni. He plot ah hian a kam keuna (Exposition), a vâwrtâwp (Climax) leh a tâwpna (Catastrophe) te fel takin a awm thlap tûr a ni.
Aristotle-a chuab plot hi a ngai pawimawh ber a, a changtute chu a pahnihna ah a dah chauh thung. Ani chuan, plot tel lovin thawnthu a awm thei lova, mahsela a changtute tel lo pawhin thawnthu erawh a awm thei a ti a, dik pawh a dik rêng a ni.
A thupui(Title): Hetah phei hi chuan ṭan lâk kan ngai lehzualin a hriat, a ri kan hria a, a awmzia erawh kan hre lo' emawni a tih theih hial ang.
Thawnthu kan ziah hian a thupui hian chhiartute mit ala in ala lo thei a, chuvangin a pawimawh êm êm a, Epic leh Classical lam kan bih chuan Heroic Character- pu tam tak kan hmu ang a, chu chu a tir a kan sawi ang khân inzirna tûr pawimawh tak a ni.
A title ah mihring hming kan hmang anih chuan chu hming chuan a thawnthu a thil thleng pawimawh te nen inzawmna an nei vel tûr a ni a, a thawnthu ina vawrtawp (Climax) a thlen thleng a chanvo pawimawh a chan a ngai bawk.
Tin, tunlai a kan hriatthiamloh leh hriatthiam ngei ngei ngai, thuziak mi te leh chhiartu te buaina ber pakhat chu, 'Trademark, Copy, Copyright, Patent'- ho te hi niin alang a, mizoṭawng a sawifiah ngial angaih hmêl hle in alang, a chhan chu hriatthiam theih dan tûr ber in kan sawi emaw pawh ti ila, kkan sawi dân hi hriatthiam har alo ni leh khut zêl si a.
Khîng a chunga kan sawi te khi thil inang anga lang, mahse thuhmun silo vek an ni a.
Trademark- hi chu thuziak mi ten a anmahni chhinchhiahna atana thû an hman bîk, miin an thuziak engpawh chhiar se, chumi/khami ziah chu a ni an tih nalh nalh theihna tûr ang chi kha a ni a, kan hrethiam ang emaw(?)
Entîrnan : Company- pakhat ina anmahni Company- bîk an chhinchhiahna (symbols, logo, words, graphics, phrase..etc) an Company-ina an hman bîk ang hi a ni.
(Black Eyed Peas-a mi William-a chuan a hming hi will-i.am tiin a ziak ṭhin a, hei hi a humhalh hle a ni ang a, Pharrell Williams nen an intihbuai phah a.
Pharrell Williams hian a website hmingah 1amother.com a vuah a, heta 'I Am' a hmang ve ringawt hi will.i.am hian a duh lova, vawi tam tak Pharrell hi lehkha a thawn a. Pharrell hian a ning ve ta deuh a ni mai thei, court-ah will.i.am khinna thu a thehlût ve ta mauh mai.
Will.i.am hian a trademark 'I Am' hi Pharrell-a hnenah hian hmang tawh lo tûrin a hriattir a. Hemi chungchangah hian Pharrell chuan court-ah lehkha thehlûtin, 'I Am' a hman ve chhan hi a hming tâwpa Williams a awm vâng a ni hran lo va, a awmzia leh a tum pho chhuah a tumte a danglam daih a ni, a ti.
Pharrell hian I Am Other Entertainment company a nei a, heta I Am leh Will.i.am-a hming hian inzawmna a nei lo va, I leh Am inkârah hian engmah a awm lo a ni, a ti bawk.)
Khi khi Trademark- awmzia pakhat chu a ni thei bawk ang.
A pawimawh dang leh pakhat chu 'Copy leh Influence'- hi a niâwm e. 'Trademark'- nen hian kan hriatpawlh niberin alang.
Heti hian han sawifiah hmasa ta ila, kan hrethiam thei ange maw.
Khawvêla ziaktu thiamber te zîng ami William Shakespeare-a thawnthu tam tak hmang khan thawnthu ṭha tak tak ziak a ni hlawm a, Hêngte hi Mizo te chuan William Shakespeare-a a copy kan ti hlawm thei ang.
Moby-Dick- kha Herman Melville an Shakespeare a thawnthu Macbeth/King Lear- a copy a a ziah tho a ni a.
Chutiangin, Josephine Tey ziah
The Daughter of Time pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Richard III- copy.
Brave New World tih Aldous Huxley ziah pawh - Shakespeare-a The Tempest copy tho.
Cakes and Ale thawnthu W Somerset Maugham ziah pawh Shakespeare a Thawnthu Twelfth Night- copy.
Patricia Highsmith ziah
The Talented Mr Ripley pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Macbeth- copy.
Iris Murdoch ziah The Black Prince pawh Shakespeare thawnthu Hamlet copy.
. Frederick Forsyth ziah The Dogs of War pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Julius Caesar copy.
Angela Carter ziah Wise Children pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu The Taming of the Shrew et al copy.
Amanda Craig ziah Love in Idleness pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu A Midsummer Night's Dream copy tho.
Hêng lo pawh hi Shakespear-a thawnthu tam tak behchhan in Thawnthu dang tam tak an ziak a, khawvêla thuziak thiam ber ber zînga mi te pawh an bâng chuang lo.
Mahse Shakespear-a pawh in a thawnthu ah mi ziahsa a copy ve ṭeuh tho a.
A Drama, As You Like It- pawh Thomas Lodge-a thawnthu 'Rosalynde' -a copy ve tho a ni a, Tin, Homer-a thuziak pawh a copy nual th bawk, chumi avâng erawh chuan Originality nei lo leh Creative writer ani lo anti chuang lo.
Shakespeare-a kaihruaitu leh zirtirtu Christopher Marlowe- kha awm ta lo se chuan Shakespeare-a thawnthu tamtak hi a lo piang lo ang a, Shakespear- pawh hi khawvêlin a hmelhriat kher lo maithei bawk.
Mahse Christopher Marlowe- thuziah a ru ṭhin tuman anti ngai si lo.
Romeo & Juliet- leh Macbeth- te, 12 Nights leh adang tamtak te pawh Shakespeare- hian midang thawnthu ami a lachhâwng ve tho niin alang bawk. Tunah erawh sawi vek sên a ni lo ang a.
Khawvela Dracula - thawnthu zawng zawng te pawh Bram Stoker-a Dracula thawnthu ziah copy vek an ni a. Bram Stoker- kha Romania rama Transylvania khua ah zin lo selang chuan khawvêlah hian Dracula thawnthu hi a awm ngailo ang.
Bram Stoker- pawh hian a Vampire- thawnthu ziah hi ' Vlad The Impaler' - Transylvania Lalpa, Turkey ho tihdan lachhâwng a, fei zum a mihring vih tlang a lei a phun hmang a tihlum ṭhin pa aṭanga a ngaihtuah chhuah ve tho anih a rinawm bawk. ( Dracula Untold Movie- kha lo en ula)
Thil reng reng hian Tichhuaktu anei vek a, chu an thil tihchhuah chu tam takin anlo copy( lachhâwng) a, mahse anmahni ina Originality annei avângin kha an copy aṭang khan ngaihtuahna thar an nei a, chu chu tamtak in alo darh ta ṭhin a ni. Chu chu khawvêl kalphung a ni bawk.
Entîrna pakhat lo sawi leh lawk ila, Philosopher stone( dawithiam in lung maktak an siamchhuak a, chu lung chu akawltu apiang an thi theilo)hi Witchcraft lam te i chhiar chuan hmanlai thawnthu a ni tih i hria ang a, mahse chu lung chu Ziaktu pakhat, JK.Rowling- chuan a thawnthu ziah ah arawn copy a, 'Harry Potter & the Philosopher Stone- a ziak anih kha.
Chutiang zêl chu a ni, mi ina thil an tihchhuah hmang in anmahni ngaihtuahna hmanga thil dang anlo tihchhuah ve kha Trademark rû an nilo, tih hi kan hriatthiam angai a ni.
A awmzia ber chu, Miin thawnthu an ziah kan chhiarna aṭangin ngaihtuahna thar(idea) kanlo nei a, tichuan thawnthu kanlo ziak ve ta a, chu chu thil nih dan tur leh khawvêl kalphung an ni tih kan hriatthiam angai a ni.
Henry Charriere ziah Papillon te, Alexander Dumas ziah The Count Of Monte Cristo te, Marie Corelli ziah Vendetta- te ho pawh hi a tunge ziak hmasa ber ni a, a tu hian nge copy tih hriat har khawp a thawnthu in ang nisi, Mahse dang vek si an ni a, a ziaktu te hian Originality- an nei ṭha êm êm a, uluk tak a kan chhiar chuan a in anna lai kan hre ṭheuh ngei ang.
Tin, Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson-a gothic novel turu lutuk, Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde- te pawh Sydney Sheldon lehkhabu Tell me your dreams leh Master of the game- thawnthu innghahna a ni tho si.
A pawimawh leh dang chu Thu lehlin hi a ni, hmanlai aṭanga tunlai thleng a thuziak mi te tâna mi pawimawh tak pakhat chu Thu letlingtu te hi an ni a, anla nizêl bawk ang.
Ṭhenkhat thu leh hla lehlin chu ngaihzâwnawm khawp a duhawm leh ngaihnawm a ni a, a lettu te pawh ' thiam ' tia sawi an hlawh a, lâr pawh an lâr chakin rei pawh a rei ṭhin.
Amaherawhchu, chûng thû leh hla lehlinte zînga tam tak chuan rinawmna an nei tâwk lova, a ziaktu phênah a lettu hlimthlâ alang lian ṭhin. A ziaktu'n aziak chin piah lama 'belh leh paih ' awm ṭhin hi pawikhawihna lian tak a tling tih hi kan hre lo emaw ni.
Thu hlawm khat rau rau pawh a in lehlin nalh hleih theih khawp mai tih chu hriat sa a ni a, Mahse chhiartu ten an ngaihzâwn theih nana anihna bâk bâk a thu phuah belh chiam mai leh ṭangkailo lai ni a hriat mahni duhthu a lo hlâwi ve ngawt mai hi a thianglo hulhual a ni inti deuh tawp mai teh ang.
Classic Literature phei chu a ngial a ngana lehlin hi a him ber a, tih mâkmawh a ni bawk. Bible lehlin kawnga kan fîmkhur ang bawk hian thu leh hla dang lehlinah pawh hian kan fîmkhur a pawimawh.
A ngaihnawm nân mai a thu bâlphawn a thianglo.
" A ziaktu thiltum kan phawhchhuah phawt chuan a ṭha reng alawm " - tih ngaihdân hi thil âtthlak tak a ni a, a ni reng bawk ang.
Mizote'n thu leh hla a pûr kan châwkna ber chu English Literature a ni a; English hovin Grik leh Latin literature aṭangin pûr an chaw ber thung a.
Chu'ngho literature huangah chuan Poetry hi an dah sângin an dah pawimawh ber deuh zêl a; poetry huang(genre) ah rau rau pawh Mizo ten a ' Thawnthuhlasei ' an tih, Epic hi an dah chungnung ber niin alang. Chuti ang anih avâng chuan heti lama sûl lo sutu, Grik mifing leh hla phuahtu hmatâwng, Homer-a phei chu an dah sâng lawr lak a ni.
Dik tak chuan Homer-a kutchhuak Illiad leh Odyssey- aṭangte hian ania Poetry chu arawn vul chhuah tak tak a, literary criticism tân kawng pawh arawn inhawn chhoh tâk ni. 'Homer-a hian criticism aṭan e' kan tihna erawh chu a ni lo. Homer-a kutchhuak aṭanga thlîrna thar an neih avângin critic hmatâwng pahnih Aristotle leh Pluto-ate'n criticism an rawn vawrh lâr ta chauh a ni, ti ila kan uar lutuk in ka ring lo.
Khawvela 'literature'-a hausa hmasa leh hmahruaitu te'n Epic- an ngaihsan êm êm lai hian kan Mizo thu leh hla huangah erawh hmun ala chang chau hle mai a. A khawhawi tizau tûr tâwk emaw lek hi chuan a hla(epic) hming hi chu kan hre ve ṭhûm ringawt ang lawi a.
Keimahni Mizo te pawh hian Epic- kan nei tih pawh kan hre kher âwm love. Kan Thurochun (Folklore) ah hian tam tak a awm a, Chhûrbûra leh Dawithiam Lalruanga- te hi Epic kan neih ah chuan a lâr leh ngaihnawm deuh ni ber in a hriat.
Tin, hnamdang leh keini ah pawh Epic hi chu a ngaihnawmna piahlamah hian thu leh hla ziarâng hlu tak(literary piece) pawimawh tak mai, zirna sâng taka an zir luih luih, tun thlenga mithiamte'n a a chanchin an chhui ṭhin thawnthu a ni.
Tin, Epic bîkah a phuahtu te'n a metonymy (thil hming eng emaw aiawha hming dang hman)-an chelek dân leh tehkhinna zirtir nei (apologue) an hmanna leh an hman te hi Epic literary value tisângtu leh a ropui zia puanchhuahna a ni pakhat bawkin ahriat.
Chu lo lehah, 'kenning'- an tih, thumal pakhat emaw hming pakhat emaw aia thu hlâwm hman ang chi te pawh hi :-
Hei hian Alliteration siamna kawngah pawh ṭangkaina a nei lian hle a, English ho Epic, Pasalṭha Beowulf- ah te pawh a tam khawp mai.
Classical rau rau ah pawh, Vikings kan tih Norse ho leh Anglo-Saxon hla phuahtu ho chuan alliteration hmanga phuah hi an chîng deuhin a hriat; chutih laiin Rhyme lam erawh an chelek lutuk lêm lo. Chûng alliteration dan hmangah chuan a hla tlar khat chhunga a chanve hmalam (a- verse) -a an thu chheh leh a chanve hnulam(b- verse) a an thu chhehah ah chuan ri inzûl a awm ṭhin a: chu chu hawrawp bul inṭanna inang emaw a thumal lamrîk bul inṭanna inangin emaw a siam ber ṭhin. Tin, chu'ng hla tlar chhumbung(chanve) pahnih te chu Caesura-in a daidang bawk.
Kan hrethiam ange maw, heti hian sawifiah leh deuh ila:-
Thawnthuhlasei(epic) hi Alliterative meter-a phuah an ni tlangpui kan tih tawh kha.
Chu chu(alliterative meter) Rhyme aiawha alliteration an hmanna a ni. Hetiang hi kum zabi 14-na hmalamah khân an lo hmang ṭan daih tawh a, Alliterative meter-ah chuan hla tlar khat chu Ceasura hmanga hmun hnih a ṭhen a ni a. Caesura hmalam, tlar chanve hmasa zâwk (hemistich) chu stress nei alliteration hmangin a tlar chanve hnuhnung zâwk nen pumkhatah an siam ṭhin.
A tlar phel hmasa zâwk hian alliteration nei Syllable hnih (a châng chuan pathum) a nei a, a tlar phel hnuhnungah chuan alliteration nei Syllable pakhat chiah a awm thung. A châng chuan alliteration ngai tho kha tlar dangah pawh an hmang zui bawk ṭhin.
Greek hlaphuah thiam Homer leh, Latin mi Aeneid phuahtu Virgil-te erawh chuan Rhyme hi an ngaihpawimawh zâwk avângin Alliterative Meter- hi an chelek hran lo a, poetic meter chikhat, ' dactylic hexameter ' an hmang zâwk thung.
Mahsela a nawlpui a bih chuan Classical rau rau ah Rhyme ngaih pawimawhna hi chhiar chu anuam zâwk deuhin alang.
Sawi tawh angin Literature khawvelah Epic- hian hmun sâng ber a chan mai bâkah literature value ah pawh a sûl sutu leh khawvel ina pûr a châwkna ber anih avângin kan han sawi hmasa deuh luai a.
Khawvel aṭhang zêl a, ṭhalai thu leh hla a tui leh thiam tak tak te an lo chhuak ruih ruih a, thawnthu pawh chi hrang tam tak, genre hrang hrang, changkâng tak tak te alo chhuak zêl a, mahsela a lawmawm rualin literary value erawh a ṭha vek hran lêm lo.
Chu chuan hmasawnna aiin hnungtawlhna a nei nasa zâwk ti ila kan sawi uar vakin ka ring lo. Hei hi a chhan ni a lang chu, kan thuziaktu naupang zâwk te hian Literature awmzia an hre miah lo tih na a ni.
Chuvangin Literature khawvela kan zuang lut anih chuan kan 'kan talent' awmzia hi hriatthiam tum hram hram angai, chumi awmzia chu, thawnthu kan ziah hian a Plot, Character, Diction, Melody, Spectacles, Climax leh Casteophe- te hi kan ziah dâwnin kan remfel ngai lo a, chu chuan a ending- ah buaina min siam a, a tâwpna tûr siam kan harsat phah ṭhin.
Kan hriatthiam dán tur ber chuan, Hamlet Drama-a a lan hmasa ber hi a thawnthu pumpui kalhmang tûr tâlanna (expository)- a ni.
Tin, Hamlet bîkah hian, Tragedy anih ang rêngin, A pa thlarau a hmuh hian, A raldona thuam famkima thlarau a lo lang te, ralvengho pawh hna an thawh ṭhat theih loh phah dân te, boruak reh duk mai te, khawvawt vur mai te leh ralveng hovin chhâwk zângkhaina an mamawh êm êm mai te hi Tragedy kalphung nen a in hmehin a in mil êm êm a, hei hian a mood a chénna, 'Thought'- a thiam zia a tilang a ni.
Eng thawnthu pawh ziakin, eng genre pawh ziak la, a zia (Characteristics)- engkim ziah dan tur hrang hrangte i remfel hmasa tûr a ni.
Tin, i thuziah chu Tragedy lam anih chuan, Tragedy chuan mihring nuna lungchhiat thlâk lai leh mangan buaina lai a entîr a : thil ṭha zirtirna (moral lesson) a nei ngei ngei tûr a ni.
Comedy ah chuan boruak zâng hek hawk siam anih theih nan leh a chhiartu te'n hlim leh phûr tak a an chhiar theihna tûrin ṭawngkam pawh in angrengah, a zângkhai chi leh chhiar nuam veh vawh an nih angai ṭhin.
Thawnthu ruhrel leh ruangam (Plot):
Thawnthu a a pawimawh ber chu a plot hi a ni, chuvangin kan thawnthu ziah chuan plot fel tak a nei ngei ngei tur a ni. He plot ah hian a kam keuna (Exposition), a vâwrtâwp (Climax) leh a tâwpna (Catastrophe) te fel takin a awm thlap tûr a ni.
Aristotle-a chuab plot hi a ngai pawimawh ber a, a changtute chu a pahnihna ah a dah chauh thung. Ani chuan, plot tel lovin thawnthu a awm thei lova, mahsela a changtute tel lo pawhin thawnthu erawh a awm thei a ti a, dik pawh a dik rêng a ni.
A thupui(Title): Hetah phei hi chuan ṭan lâk kan ngai lehzualin a hriat, a ri kan hria a, a awmzia erawh kan hre lo' emawni a tih theih hial ang.
Thawnthu kan ziah hian a thupui hian chhiartute mit ala in ala lo thei a, chuvangin a pawimawh êm êm a, Epic leh Classical lam kan bih chuan Heroic Character- pu tam tak kan hmu ang a, chu chu a tir a kan sawi ang khân inzirna tûr pawimawh tak a ni.
A title ah mihring hming kan hmang anih chuan chu hming chuan a thawnthu a thil thleng pawimawh te nen inzawmna an nei vel tûr a ni a, a thawnthu ina vawrtawp (Climax) a thlen thleng a chanvo pawimawh a chan a ngai bawk.
Tin, tunlai a kan hriatthiamloh leh hriatthiam ngei ngei ngai, thuziak mi te leh chhiartu te buaina ber pakhat chu, 'Trademark, Copy, Copyright, Patent'- ho te hi niin alang a, mizoṭawng a sawifiah ngial angaih hmêl hle in alang, a chhan chu hriatthiam theih dan tûr ber in kan sawi emaw pawh ti ila, kkan sawi dân hi hriatthiam har alo ni leh khut zêl si a.
Khîng a chunga kan sawi te khi thil inang anga lang, mahse thuhmun silo vek an ni a.
Trademark- hi chu thuziak mi ten a anmahni chhinchhiahna atana thû an hman bîk, miin an thuziak engpawh chhiar se, chumi/khami ziah chu a ni an tih nalh nalh theihna tûr ang chi kha a ni a, kan hrethiam ang emaw(?)
Entîrnan : Company- pakhat ina anmahni Company- bîk an chhinchhiahna (symbols, logo, words, graphics, phrase..etc) an Company-ina an hman bîk ang hi a ni.
(Black Eyed Peas-a mi William-a chuan a hming hi will-i.am tiin a ziak ṭhin a, hei hi a humhalh hle a ni ang a, Pharrell Williams nen an intihbuai phah a.
Pharrell Williams hian a website hmingah 1amother.com a vuah a, heta 'I Am' a hmang ve ringawt hi will.i.am hian a duh lova, vawi tam tak Pharrell hi lehkha a thawn a. Pharrell hian a ning ve ta deuh a ni mai thei, court-ah will.i.am khinna thu a thehlût ve ta mauh mai.
Will.i.am hian a trademark 'I Am' hi Pharrell-a hnenah hian hmang tawh lo tûrin a hriattir a. Hemi chungchangah hian Pharrell chuan court-ah lehkha thehlûtin, 'I Am' a hman ve chhan hi a hming tâwpa Williams a awm vâng a ni hran lo va, a awmzia leh a tum pho chhuah a tumte a danglam daih a ni, a ti.
Pharrell hian I Am Other Entertainment company a nei a, heta I Am leh Will.i.am-a hming hian inzawmna a nei lo va, I leh Am inkârah hian engmah a awm lo a ni, a ti bawk.)
Khi khi Trademark- awmzia pakhat chu a ni thei bawk ang.
A pawimawh dang leh pakhat chu 'Copy leh Influence'- hi a niâwm e. 'Trademark'- nen hian kan hriatpawlh niberin alang.
Heti hian han sawifiah hmasa ta ila, kan hrethiam thei ange maw.
Khawvêla ziaktu thiamber te zîng ami William Shakespeare-a thawnthu tam tak hmang khan thawnthu ṭha tak tak ziak a ni hlawm a, Hêngte hi Mizo te chuan William Shakespeare-a a copy kan ti hlawm thei ang.
Moby-Dick- kha Herman Melville an Shakespeare a thawnthu Macbeth/King Lear- a copy a a ziah tho a ni a.
Chutiangin, Josephine Tey ziah
The Daughter of Time pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Richard III- copy.
Brave New World tih Aldous Huxley ziah pawh - Shakespeare-a The Tempest copy tho.
Cakes and Ale thawnthu W Somerset Maugham ziah pawh Shakespeare a Thawnthu Twelfth Night- copy.
Patricia Highsmith ziah
The Talented Mr Ripley pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Macbeth- copy.
Iris Murdoch ziah The Black Prince pawh Shakespeare thawnthu Hamlet copy.
. Frederick Forsyth ziah The Dogs of War pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu Julius Caesar copy.
Angela Carter ziah Wise Children pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu The Taming of the Shrew et al copy.
Amanda Craig ziah Love in Idleness pawh Shakespeare a thawnthu A Midsummer Night's Dream copy tho.
Hêng lo pawh hi Shakespear-a thawnthu tam tak behchhan in Thawnthu dang tam tak an ziak a, khawvêla thuziak thiam ber ber zînga mi te pawh an bâng chuang lo.
Mahse Shakespear-a pawh in a thawnthu ah mi ziahsa a copy ve ṭeuh tho a.
A Drama, As You Like It- pawh Thomas Lodge-a thawnthu 'Rosalynde' -a copy ve tho a ni a, Tin, Homer-a thuziak pawh a copy nual th bawk, chumi avâng erawh chuan Originality nei lo leh Creative writer ani lo anti chuang lo.
Shakespeare-a kaihruaitu leh zirtirtu Christopher Marlowe- kha awm ta lo se chuan Shakespeare-a thawnthu tamtak hi a lo piang lo ang a, Shakespear- pawh hi khawvêlin a hmelhriat kher lo maithei bawk.
Mahse Christopher Marlowe- thuziah a ru ṭhin tuman anti ngai si lo.
Romeo & Juliet- leh Macbeth- te, 12 Nights leh adang tamtak te pawh Shakespeare- hian midang thawnthu ami a lachhâwng ve tho niin alang bawk. Tunah erawh sawi vek sên a ni lo ang a.
Khawvela Dracula - thawnthu zawng zawng te pawh Bram Stoker-a Dracula thawnthu ziah copy vek an ni a. Bram Stoker- kha Romania rama Transylvania khua ah zin lo selang chuan khawvêlah hian Dracula thawnthu hi a awm ngailo ang.
Bram Stoker- pawh hian a Vampire- thawnthu ziah hi ' Vlad The Impaler' - Transylvania Lalpa, Turkey ho tihdan lachhâwng a, fei zum a mihring vih tlang a lei a phun hmang a tihlum ṭhin pa aṭanga a ngaihtuah chhuah ve tho anih a rinawm bawk. ( Dracula Untold Movie- kha lo en ula)
Thil reng reng hian Tichhuaktu anei vek a, chu an thil tihchhuah chu tam takin anlo copy( lachhâwng) a, mahse anmahni ina Originality annei avângin kha an copy aṭang khan ngaihtuahna thar an nei a, chu chu tamtak in alo darh ta ṭhin a ni. Chu chu khawvêl kalphung a ni bawk.
Entîrna pakhat lo sawi leh lawk ila, Philosopher stone( dawithiam in lung maktak an siamchhuak a, chu lung chu akawltu apiang an thi theilo)hi Witchcraft lam te i chhiar chuan hmanlai thawnthu a ni tih i hria ang a, mahse chu lung chu Ziaktu pakhat, JK.Rowling- chuan a thawnthu ziah ah arawn copy a, 'Harry Potter & the Philosopher Stone- a ziak anih kha.
Chutiang zêl chu a ni, mi ina thil an tihchhuah hmang in anmahni ngaihtuahna hmanga thil dang anlo tihchhuah ve kha Trademark rû an nilo, tih hi kan hriatthiam angai a ni.
A awmzia ber chu, Miin thawnthu an ziah kan chhiarna aṭangin ngaihtuahna thar(idea) kanlo nei a, tichuan thawnthu kanlo ziak ve ta a, chu chu thil nih dan tur leh khawvêl kalphung an ni tih kan hriatthiam angai a ni.
Henry Charriere ziah Papillon te, Alexander Dumas ziah The Count Of Monte Cristo te, Marie Corelli ziah Vendetta- te ho pawh hi a tunge ziak hmasa ber ni a, a tu hian nge copy tih hriat har khawp a thawnthu in ang nisi, Mahse dang vek si an ni a, a ziaktu te hian Originality- an nei ṭha êm êm a, uluk tak a kan chhiar chuan a in anna lai kan hre ṭheuh ngei ang.
Tin, Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson-a gothic novel turu lutuk, Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde- te pawh Sydney Sheldon lehkhabu Tell me your dreams leh Master of the game- thawnthu innghahna a ni tho si.
A pawimawh leh dang chu Thu lehlin hi a ni, hmanlai aṭanga tunlai thleng a thuziak mi te tâna mi pawimawh tak pakhat chu Thu letlingtu te hi an ni a, anla nizêl bawk ang.
Ṭhenkhat thu leh hla lehlin chu ngaihzâwnawm khawp a duhawm leh ngaihnawm a ni a, a lettu te pawh ' thiam ' tia sawi an hlawh a, lâr pawh an lâr chakin rei pawh a rei ṭhin.
Amaherawhchu, chûng thû leh hla lehlinte zînga tam tak chuan rinawmna an nei tâwk lova, a ziaktu phênah a lettu hlimthlâ alang lian ṭhin. A ziaktu'n aziak chin piah lama 'belh leh paih ' awm ṭhin hi pawikhawihna lian tak a tling tih hi kan hre lo emaw ni.
Thu hlawm khat rau rau pawh a in lehlin nalh hleih theih khawp mai tih chu hriat sa a ni a, Mahse chhiartu ten an ngaihzâwn theih nana anihna bâk bâk a thu phuah belh chiam mai leh ṭangkailo lai ni a hriat mahni duhthu a lo hlâwi ve ngawt mai hi a thianglo hulhual a ni inti deuh tawp mai teh ang.
Classic Literature phei chu a ngial a ngana lehlin hi a him ber a, tih mâkmawh a ni bawk. Bible lehlin kawnga kan fîmkhur ang bawk hian thu leh hla dang lehlinah pawh hian kan fîmkhur a pawimawh.
A ngaihnawm nân mai a thu bâlphawn a thianglo.
" A ziaktu thiltum kan phawhchhuah phawt chuan a ṭha reng alawm " - tih ngaihdân hi thil âtthlak tak a ni a, a ni reng bawk ang.
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